The Present Perfect المضارع التام
1 . متى نستخدم المضارع التام؟
نستخدم المضارع التام للتحدث عن شئ بدأ في الماضي و مازال مستمرا إلى وقتنا الحاضر.
مثال: I
have lived in this town for 10 years.
أسكن في هذه المدينة لمدة عشر سنوات.
(في هذا المثال الحدث بدأ قبل عشر سنوات و ما زال مستمرا إلى الآن)
My father
has worked in the same factory since 1984.
والدي يعمل في نفس المصنع منذ 1984.
(نفس الشئ في هذا المثال. أبي بدأ العمل في هذا المصنع سنة 1984 ومازال يعمل فيه حتى الآن).
2) كيف يتكون المضارع التام؟ ( نأخذ فعل play كمثال )
يتكون المضارع التام بوضع have / has + past participleplayed | have | I |
played | have | You |
played | has | He |
played | has | She |
played | has | It |
played | have | We |
played | have | You |
played | have | They |
[b]3) كيف يتكون النفي في المضارع التام؟ ( نأخذ فعل play كمثال )يتكون النفي في المضارع التام بوضع كلمة
not بين
have/has و
past participle played | not | have | I |
played | not | have | You |
played | not | Has | He |
played | not | Has | She |
played | not | has | It |
played | not | have | We |
played | not | have | You |
played | not | have | They |
4) كيف نطرح السؤال في المضارع التام؟( نأخذ فعل play كمثال )يتكون السؤال في المضارع التام بوضع
have/has مكان الفاعل و الفاعل مكان
have/hasPlayed? | I | Have |
Played? | you | Have |
Played? | he | Has |
Played? | She | Has |
Played? | it | Has |
Played? | we | Have |
Played? | you | Have |
Played? | they | Have |
ملاحظة: يمكن أن نستخدم الصيغة الكاملة لكلمة
have/has أو الصيغة المختصرة (
've / 's ) .
مثلا: يمكننا أن نقول:
I
have played football . أو I
' ve played football.
He
has lived here for a long time. أو He' s lived here for a long time. [/b]